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part of market and credit risks, but it also affects systemic risk. The total risk management concept appears to be complete, consistent, and adequate. But this interpretation is too optimistic, as some of the concepts still lack major elements and assumptions. In an overall approach, the interaction between individual risks, as well as the definition of the weighting factors between the risk trees that must be attached to this correlation, creates serious difficulties. Portfolio theory tells us that correlation between the individual risk elements rep-

You can mix these commands in with other virtual host entries as you need them. For example, to specify the document root directory for a nondynamic name-based virtual host, you could simply use the VirtualDocumentRoot directive. In other words, you can simply use the same directories for both dynamic and nondynamic virtual hosts. You could still specify other directories for different nondynamic virtual hosts as you wish. In the following example, the www.mypics.com name-based virtual host uses the dynamic virtual host directive VirtualDocumentRoot to set its document root directory. It now uses /var/www/www.mypics.com/html as its document root directory. The CGI directory, however, is set as a nondynamic directory, /var/www/mypics/cgi-bin.

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UseCanonicalName Off NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.5 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.5> ServerName www.mypics.com ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.mypics.com VirtualDocumentRoot /var/www/%0/html ScriptAlias /var/www/mypics/cgi-bin ... </VirtualHost>

Server-side includes (SSIs) are designed to provide a much more refined control of your Web site content, namely the Web pages themselves. Server-side includes are Apache directives placed within particular Web pages as part of the page's HTML code. You can configure your Apache Web server to look for SSI directives in particular Web pages and execute them. First, you have to use the Options directive with the includes option to allow SSI directives.

You need to instruct the server to parse particular Web pages. The easiest way to enable parsing is to instruct Apache to parse HTML files with specified extensions. Usually, the extension .shtml is used for Web pages that have SSI directories. In fact, in the default Apache configuration files, you can find the following entry to enable parsing for SSI directives in HTML files. The AddType directive here adds the .shtml type as an HTML type of file, and the AddHandler directive specifies that .shtml files are to be parsed (serverparsed).

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Instead of creating a separate type of file, you can use the XBitHack directive to have Apache parse any executable file for SSI directives. In other words, any file with execute permission (see 9) will be parsed for SSI directives. SSI directives operate much like statements in a programming language. You can define variables, create loops, and use tests to select alternate directives. An SSI directive consists of an element followed by attributes that can be assigned values. The syntax for a SSI directive is shown here:

You can think of an element as operating much like a command in a programming language and attributes as its arguments. For example, to assign a value to a variable, you use the set element with the variable assignment as its attribute. The if directive displays any following text on the given Web page. The if directive takes as its attribute expr, which is assigned the expression to test. The test is able to compare two strings using standard comparison operators like <=, !=, or =. Variables used in the test are evaluated with the $ operator.

14.3.1 14.3.2 14.3.3 14.3.4 14.3.5 14.3.6 A Corridor Maze The Program Generating the Maze Solving the Maze Renegotiating the Maze Embedded Debug Commands

Other helpful SSI elements are exec, which executes CGI programs, or shell commands, which read the contents of a file into the Web page and also execute CGI files. The echo element displays values such as the date, the document's name, and the page's URL. With the config element, you can configure certain values, such as the date or file size.

Red Hat 7.1 provides a GUI configuration tool called the Apache Configuration Tool, accessible from the Gnome and KDE desktops. Also available is Comanche, a popular Apache configuration tool that you download from the Internet. Note The Apache GUI Project (gui.apache.org) provides a set of GUI tools for configuring and managing your Apache Web server. Its currently active projects are Comanche and TkApache. In the Linuxconf utility, you can also configure your Apache Web server. Webmin provides a very complete Apache Web server module.

The Apache Configuration Tool opens with a window displaying panels for Main, Virtual Hosts, Server, and Performance Tuning. In each of these you will see buttons to open up dialog boxes where you can enter default settings. You will also be able to enter settings for particular items like virtual hosts and particular directories. For example, in the Virtual Hosts panel you can enter in default settings for all virtual hosts, as well as add and edit particular virtual hosts. Click the Help button to display a Web page-based reference manual that details how to use each panel. On the Main panel, you enter your Web server address, the Webmaster's e-mail address, and the ports the Web server will be listening on (see Figure 241).

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